1.字典和数据类型

mycat ={'size':'fat', 'name':'Vice', 'color':'gray'}
print("输出猫的名字为：", mycat['name'])
print('my cat name is '+mycat['name'])

2.字典与列表

spam=['dogs','cat','pig']
bacon = ['pig','cat','dogs']
print("spam=['dogs','cat','pig']")
print("bacon = ['pig','cat','dogs']")
if spam == bacon:
    print("True")
else:
    print('False')
    
egg = {'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}
ham = {'color':'gray', 'name':'jim'}
print("egg = {'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}")
print("ham = {'color':'gray', 'name':'jim'}")
if egg == ham:
    print('True')
else:
    print('False')
while True:
    print('请输入egg中的值：',end=' ')
    k = input()
    try:
        print(egg[k])
        break
    except KeyError:
        print('输入的字典中没有')

3.keys()&values&items()使用方法

egg = {'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}
for v in egg.values():
    print("打印出值：", v)
    
print("\n")
for k in egg.keys():
    print("打印出键：", k)
print("\n")

for i in egg.items():
    print("打印出键-值：", i)

4.检查字典中的键或值

egg = {'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}
"name" in egg.keys()
'gray' in egg.values()

5.get()使用

spam={'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}
print('获取Name的值：', spam.get('name', 0))
print('输入需要查找的键：', end=' ')
j = input()
k =spam.get(j, 0)
if k == 0:
    print('字典中没有'+str(j)+'的值')
else:
    print('键'+str(j)+'的值为：', k)

6.setdefault()使用：
1：

spam={'name':'jim', 'color':'gray'}
while True:
    print('输入需要查找的键：', end=' ')
    j = input()
    k =spam.get(j, 0)
    if k == 0:
        print('字典中没有'+str(j)+'的值')
        print('输入'+str(j)+'的值：', end='')
        i =input()
        spam.setdefault(j, i)
        print('输出字典spam：', spam)
    else:
        print('键'+str(j)+'的值为：', k)
        break

2：

message = "John Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day. Then he worked with it till midnight. But John was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school, John joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! John changed his English grade from F to A. John’s parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. "
count={}
for char in message:
    count.setdefault(char, 0)
    count[char] = count[char]+1
print(count)

7.漂亮的打印pprint

import pprint
v = "John Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day. Then he worked with it till midnight. But John was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school, John joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! John changed his English grade from F to A. John’s parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. "
count={}
for char in v:
    count.setdefault(char, 0)
    count[char] = count[char]+1
pprint.pprint(count)

8.#字棋

the = {'top-L':'','top-M':' ','top-R':' ',
'mid-L':' ','mid-M':'','mid-R':' ',
'low-L':' ','low-M':' ','low-R':''}
print(the)

def bord(eh):
    print(eh['top-L']+'|'+eh['top-M']+'|'+eh['top-R'])
    print('-+-+-')
    print(eh['mid-L']+'|'+eh['mid-M']+'|'+eh['mid-R'])
    print('-+-+-')
    print(eh['low-L']+'|'+eh['low-M']+'|'+eh['low-R'])
turn = "X"
for i in range(9):
    bord(the)
    print('Turn for ' + turn+' . Move on which space?')
    move =input()
    the[move]= turn
    if turn == 'X':
        turn = "O"
    else:
        turn = "X"
bord(the)

9.嵌套字典列表

the = {'Alice':{'apples':5, 'pies':12}, 
'Bob':{'cup':3, 'apples':2}, 
'Jim':{'cup':6, 'pies':7}
}

def  tho(guess, item):
    num = 0
    for k, v in the.items():
        num += v.get(item, 0)
        print('k的值:', k)
        print("v的值:", v)
    return num

print('Number of things being brought:')
print('- apples '+str(tho(the, 'apples')))
print('- cup ' +str(tho(the, 'cup')))
print('- pies '+str(tho(the, 'pies')))